Diesel Turbochargers – Why Are They Used, How Do They Work, and What You Can Do to Avoid Failures
Turbochargers are a critical component in modern diesel engines, especially in the agricultural, construction, trucking, and power generation industries. They are engineered to increase engine power, fuel efficiency, and overall performance—making them essential for operators who demand more from their equipment. Understanding how turbochargers work, why they fail, and how to prevent issues can save significant time, money, and productivity loss.
Why Are Turbochargers Used in Diesel Engines?
Diesel engines are known for their torque and fuel efficiency, but without a turbocharger, they can be limited in power output. A turbocharger allows a diesel engine to produce more horsepower without increasing its size. This is achieved by forcing more air (and therefore more oxygen) into the combustion chamber, which enables more fuel to be burned efficiently.
Turbochargers help:
Increase engine power density – allowing smaller engines to perform like larger ones.
Improve fuel economy – by optimizing the air-fuel mix, reducing wasted fuel.
Reduce emissions – more complete combustion leads to fewer unburnt particulates and lower NOx.
How Do Turbochargers Work?
A turbocharger consists of two primary sections: the turbine and the compressor, connected by a common shaft. Here’s how the system works:
Exhaust gas from the engine spins the turbine wheel, which is connected to the compressor side.
As the turbine spins, it drives the compressor wheel, drawing in and compressing ambient air.
This compressed air is forced into the engine’s intake, increasing the amount of oxygen available for combustion.
More oxygen means more efficient fuel burning and more power output—without increasing engine displacement.
Common Causes of Turbocharger Failures
Despite their durability, turbochargers are subject to harsh conditions. Failures are often preventable and usually caused by one or more of the following:
Contaminated or inadequate lubrication – Clean, high-quality oil is essential. Oil contamination, infrequent oil changes, or clogged oil lines can starve the turbo of lubrication.
Foreign object damage (FOD) – Ingested debris through the intake or exhaust can damage the turbine or compressor blades.
Overspeeding – Pushing a turbo beyond its designed RPM range due to performance tuning or restricted exhaust can lead to catastrophic failure.
Excessive exhaust temperature – Caused by poor fuel tuning or malfunctioning exhaust aftertreatment systems.
Preventative Measures for Turbocharger Longevity
At DSG Power Systems, we specialize in helping customers prevent turbocharger failures through proper service, high-quality parts, and expert advice. Here’s how you can reduce the risk of turbocharger issues:
Change oil and filters regularly using OEM-approved lubricants.
Install high-efficiency air filtration to prevent FOD from entering the compressor.
Inspect and replace worn hoses and gaskets to prevent leaks or pressure loss.
Avoid sudden engine shutdowns after heavy use—allow the engine to idle and cool before shutting off.
Monitor exhaust temperatures using a pyrometer to avoid overheating.
DSG also offers a No-Hassle Turbo Program, providing brand-new, competitively priced turbos with no need to return the core and backed by a straightforward warranty.
Conclusion
A well-functioning turbocharger is vital to diesel engine performance. By understanding its function and addressing the root causes of failure, you can extend the life of your engine and avoid costly downtime. DSG Power Systems carries a wide selection of quality turbos and offers expert support to keep your equipment running strong.
Need help choosing the right turbocharger?
Call us at 1-800-667-6879 or visit www.dieselservices.com